SSRI Overview: What You Need to Know

Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, or SSRIs, are the most‑prescribed antidepressants today. They work by keeping serotonin in the brain longer, which can lift mood and ease anxiety. If you or someone you know has been offered an SSRI, you probably have a lot of questions. This guide breaks down the basics, from why doctors choose them to what to watch out for.

Why Doctors Pick SSRIs

SSRIs are popular because they tend to have fewer serious side effects than older drugs like tricyclics. They’re approved for depression, panic disorder, obsessive‑compulsive disorder, and sometimes chronic pain. Most patients start on a low dose and increase gradually, which helps the body adjust without a harsh reaction.

Typical starting doses include:

• Fluoxetine (Prozac) – 20 mg once daily
• Sertraline (Zoloft) – 25–50 mg once daily
• Citalopram (Celexa) – 20 mg once daily
• Escitalopram (Lexapro) – 10 mg once daily
• Paroxetine (Paxil) – 10–20 mg once daily

Doctors choose the specific SSRI based on the condition, possible drug interactions, and how the patient metabolizes the medication.

Common Side Effects and When to Call the Doctor

Most people feel a few mild side effects in the first few weeks. The most common are:

• Nausea or upset stomach
• Headache
• Sleep changes – either insomnia or drowsiness
• Dry mouth
• Increased sweating

These usually fade as your body gets used to the drug. If they linger beyond two weeks, or if you notice anything more serious, reach out to your prescriber. Serious signs include:

• Sudden mood swings or worsening depression
• Thoughts of self‑harm
• Unexplained bruising or bleeding
• Severe rash or allergy symptoms
• Fast, irregular heartbeat

These could mean the medication isn’t right for you, or that you need a dosage adjustment.

Another topic that pops up a lot is weight change. Some people gain a few pounds, while others lose weight. The effect varies, so keep an eye on your eating habits and discuss any big shifts with your doctor.

Alcohol is another factor to watch. Mixing alcohol with SSRIs isn’t deadly, but it can worsen side effects like drowsiness and impair judgment. The safest route is to limit intake, especially when you’re still adjusting to the medication.

Finally, don’t stop an SSRI abruptly. Cutting it off can trigger withdrawal symptoms—brain‑zaps, dizziness, or flu‑like feelings. If you need to stop, your doctor will guide you through a slow taper.

In short, SSRIs can be a game‑changer for many mental‑health conditions, but they work best when you know the basics, track how you feel, and keep open communication with your prescriber. Have more questions? Ask your doctor or pharmacist—they’re the best source for advice tailored to your situation.